Ingredients (Simplified):

Vitamins: A, C, D3, E, K-2, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 (Folic Acid), B12, Biotin, B5

Minerals: Calcium, Iodine, Magnesium, Selenium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Chromium, Molybdenum, Potassium, Silica, Boron, Vanadium

Additional Nutrients: Choline, Inositol, PABA, Grape Seed Extract, Grape Skin Extract (Resveratrol)
Ingredient Summary

Vitamin A(as beta carotene)  In our diet and in our body, beta Carotene as a precursor ofvitamin A (retinoid)is the most efficient provitamin A carotenoid, due to its unique structure and cleavage efficacy.   In and on our body's skin, beta Carotene may act as an antioxidant quenching singlet molecular oxygen and scavenging reactive oxygen species, especially peroxyl radicals.   In a woman's body, notably during pregnancy, mammary gland development, lactation and throughout the breastfeeding period, vitamin A (from beta Carotene) has an important increased role in the healthy development of both the fetus and the newborn, including lung development and maturation being particularly important.

Vitamin C(Calcium ascorbate)  Vitamin C as an ascorbate is an essential nutrient required for metabolic reactions. Vitamin C is an effective antioxidant, an ascorbate peroxidase substrate, an enzyme cofactor for the biosynthesis of many biochemicals and an electron donor for enzymes.   The active form of vitamin C is the ascorbate ion, a strong reducing agent that gets converted to its oxidized form, L-dehydroascorbate in the body by enzymes and glutathione. It is a weak sugar acid structurally related to glucose, which naturally occurs either attached to a hydrogen ion (ascorbic acid), or to a mineral ion (a mineral ascorbate). The biological half-life for vitamin C is about 30 minutes in blood plasma.

Vitamin D3(D3 from Cholecalciferol)  The sun’s ultraviolet rays penetrate the skin, and, through a local chemical reaction followed by systemic absorption and subsequent metabolism, a prohormone called 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is eventually converted into circulating vitamin D. Vitamin D is a fat soluble prohormone (a broken-open steroids called a secosteroid), converted by the liver and kidney to become the hormone 1,25-D (a physiologically active form of a protein bound vitamin D).   The two important forms of vitamin D are cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3), which is identical to that derived from a cholesterol molecule and synthesized by sunlight on the skin and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), a plant analogue derived from the diet. Vitamin D3(Cholecalciferol) a natural dietary secosteroid to our body's internal 1,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 is essential for bone growth and maintenance of bone density. The prohormone, Vitamin D is necessary for utilization of calcium and phosphorus and in the body as a hormone.

Vitamin E(D-Alpha Tocopheryl with tocotrienols)  The vitamin E family: There are eight forms of vitamin E: four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta).

Vitamin K-2(as Menaquinone-7)  Vitamin K is a phytol group of 2-methilo-naphthoquinone derivatives which have a similar structure, sharing a quinone ring and an isoprenoid side chain, the difference lies in the side chain.   Vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in a variety of different functions involving the arterial, blood coagulation, skeletal, and immune systems.   Vitamin K2MK-7 is specifically well-absorbed, providing the highest level vitamin K activity, and can activate K-dependent proteins outside the liver.

Vitamin B-1(as Benfotiamine)  An essential vitamin necessary for proper metabolism of sugar and starch to provide energy in the body. Thiamine also functions in the nerves, brain and heart, digestive and the whole nervous system, and is important for the maintenance of healthy, clear, luminous eyes, hair and skin.

Vitamin B2(as riboflavin 5'-phosphate)  Vitamin B2, as riboflavin 5'-phosphate, assists the body in digesting food and allows for higher vitamin B5 absorption rates.

Vitamin B3(Inositol hexinicotinate)  Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin, whose derivatives play essential roles in energy metabolism in the cell and DNA repair.   Inositol hexinicotinate is the hexanicotinic acid ester of meso-inositol, consisting of six molecules of niacin (nicotinic acid) with an inositol molecule in the center of the structure.

Vitamin B6(as Pyridoxal 5 phosphate)  Vitamin B-6 is comprised of three natural organic compounds; pyridoxal (Pyridoxal 5 phosphate), pyridoxamine and pyridoxine. Pyridoxal 5 phosphate is the bioactive metabolite of the coenzyme Vitamin B-6 involved in many important enzymatic reactions.

Folic Acid[VitaminB-9, M](as 5-MTHF)  Folic acid AKA folate (the anion form) are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B-9, which helps convert vitamin B12 to a coenzyme form, helps synthesize nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) essential for the growth and reproduction of all body cells, essential to the formation of red blood cells by its action on the bone marrow, and aids in amino acid metabolism.   5-MTHF (5-Methyltetrahydrofolate) is the most biologically active form of the B-vitamin folic acid. 5MTHF works in concert with vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, which provides methyl groups for numerous other biochemical reactions in the body. Because of this, folate supplementation supports cardiovascular health, nervous system function, normal cellular proliferation, and gingival health. Research has shown a subset of individuals do not efficiently convert folic acid from their diet or supplements to active 5-MTHF, due to genetic enzyme deficiencies. Research suggests 5-MTHF is a more efficient form of supplementation than inactive folic acid in these and other individuals.

Vitamin B12(Methylcobalamin)  Methylcobalamin B-12 is the neurologically active form of B-12. Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining the integrity of the nervous system. A deficiency principally affects the peripheral nerves and, in later stages, the spinal cord.

Biotin[Vitamin-H]   A water-soluble B vitamin acting as a co-enzyme to metabolise proteins, fats and carbs. Vitamin B7 or biotin is one of the most active biological substances known.

Vitamin B5(as Pantethine, D-Calcium Pantothenate)  Pantothenic acid consists of pantoic acid in amide linkage to beta-alanine.

Choline  Choline is an essential welltrient found in most plants and animals, one of the main components of lecithin in the form of phospholipid lecithin, utilized as a building unit, and is essential in some metabolic processes. Essential functions include: building and maintaining cell membranes, fat metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and preventing abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver, formation of Acetylcholine used in transmethylation reactions (precursors of methylated compounds, i.e. creatine, choline, and adrenaline), and improves brain function and memory retention.

Inositol[Vitamin B-8](from Inositol hexinicotinate)  Inositol's primary function is in cell membrane structure and integrity. Along with choline, it may help in brain cell nutrition.PABA[Vitamin B-10](Para Aminobenzoic Acid)  PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid) is a naturally occurring non-protein amino acid. PABA as a nutrient is sometimes called Vitamin B-10. In the body, PABA functions as an aid in the assimilation of Pantothenic acid and as an intermediate in folic acid synthesis via bacteria in the colon. PABA may be an essential nutrient whenever normal PABA synthesis by intestinal bacteria is insufficient.

Shavegrass(Equisetum arvense)  An herb that contains large amounts of silica and lesser amounts of calcium.

Calcium(from calcium ascorbate)  Calcium (Ca) is an essential alkaline nutrient element required by every cell in the body and is the most abundent mineral in the body.Iodine(from Kelp)  Iodine is a trace mineral that is concentrated primarily in the thyroid gland. Iodine is plays a part in the manufacture of thyroxine, a hormone that helps regulate metabolism, controls growth and contributes to the break down of fats and protein.

Magnesium(Magnesium taurinate)  Magnesium “Magnesium glycinate” is a, better tolerated and more absorbable, chelated form of the mineral magnesium (Mg). The element magnesium is an essential mineral involved in over 350 biochemical actions in the body.   Magnesium relaxes smooth muscle, helps dilate blood vessels and maintains blood flow.

Selenium(as Se-Methyl L-Selenocysteine)  Se-Methyl L-Selenocysteine (SeMC), a naturally occurring bioabsorbable seleno-amino acid (selenium), synthesized by plants (such as garlic and broccoli), is in our body selectively incorporated into seleno-containing enzymes (i.e. selenoproteins), such as the important anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase.

Zinc(L-Monomethionine)  The second most ocurring essential nutrient is zinc. Zinc is involved in about 3000 different protein complexes in the body.

Copper(Glycinate Chelate)  Copper is included because of its importance for antioxidant enzyme activity, and because this product has the important zinc to copper ration of 10:1, it can help the body maintain a healthy balance with zinc.   Copper is an essential nutrient found primarily in the bloodstream, as a co-factor in various enzymes, and in copper-based body pigments.   Zinc and copper compete for absorption in the digestive tract so a dietary 10:1 balance must be maintained to prevent a deficiency.

Manganese(Ascorbate)  Manganese is an essential trace nutrient whose ions function as cofactors for a number of enzyme activities and is required in all our body's cells and our friendly bacteria lactobacilli.

Chromium(Polynicotinate)  Chromium is an essential mineral and important to the metabolism of glucose and protein, managing cholesterol, insulin regulation, thyroid function, and serotonin production.

Molybdenum(Amino Acid Chelate)  Molybdenum is a trace mineral required by the body to manufacture several important enzymes, (aldehyde-dehydrogenase and aldehyde-oxidase) which allow the liver to neutralize a powerful and otherwise relatively inert neurotoxin, acetaldehyde as well as the enzymes required to break down sulfite and xanthine.

Potassium(Citrate)  The essential alkali mineral Potassium is the major cation inside the cells and important in the maintainence of fluid and electrolyte balance in all body systems.

Boron(Amino Acid Chelate)  The element Boron is an essential mineral. Boron plays a role in cell-membrane functions that influence response to hormone action, trans-membrane signaling and trans-membrane movement of regulatory ions (i.e. parathyroid secretes a hormone that contains boron). Boron acts as a metabolic regulator in several enzymatic systems (i.e. boron inhibit the activity of serine protease enzymes).

Vanadium(Amino Acid Chelate)  Vanadium is an essential trace mineral vital to the proper function of several body systems, cartilage, bones, teeth, hormone production and cellular metabolism.

Grape SeedExtract   Contains rich sources of flavonoids (compounds found in plants) called Proanthocyanidins or OPCs that are powerful anti-oxidants, protecting blood vessels from damage.

GrapeSkin Extract(Resveratrol)  Grape Skin extract a Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol derived from grapes, mulberries and peanuts that show a decrease in the activity of cytokines.